MAAP code analysis for the in-vessel phase of Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 and comparison of the results among Units 1 to 3

佐藤 一憲; 吉川 信治; 山下 拓哉; 下村 健太; Cibula, M.*; 溝上 伸也*

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 422, p.113088_1 - 113088_24, 2024/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.113088

The accident progression of the in-vessel phase of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 was analyzed using the MAAP code. Although there is a large uncertainty in the initial stage of accident progression behavior in Unit 1 with little measurement data, it is presumed to have similarities to that of Unit 3. As a result, in Unit 1, since there was almost no alternative water injection during the in-vessel phase, cooling of the debris transferred to the lower plenum was small. It was likely that a large molten pool of metals had formed, and that the steam supply to the high-temperature core materials was suppressed and metal oxidation was relatively small. The analysis results for Unit 1 were compared with those for Units 2 and 3, and differences between units such as the thermal conditions of the debris that relocated to the pedestal and the degree of metal oxidation were shown.

Crystal-liquid duality driven ultralow two-channel thermal conductivity in -MgAgSb

Li, J.*; Li, X.*; Zhang, Y.*; Zhu, J.*; Zhao, E.*; 古府 麻衣子; 中島 健次; Avdeev, M.*; Liu, P.-F.*; Sui, J.*; et al.

Applied Physics Reviews (Internet), 11(1), p.011406_1 - 011406_8, 2024/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0173680

The desire for intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity () in thermoelectrics motivates numerous efforts on understanding the microscopic mechanisms of heat transport in solids. Here, based on theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that -MgAgSb hosts low-energy localized phonon bands and avoided crossing of the rattler modes, which coincides with the inelastic neutron scattering result. Using the two-channel lattice dynamical approach, we find, besides the conventional contribution (70% at 300 K) from particlelike phonons propagating, the coherence contribution dominated by the wavelike tunneling of phonons accounts for 30% of total at 300 K. By considering dual contributions, our calculated room-temperature of 0.64 WmK well agrees with the experimental value of 0.63 WmK. More importantly, our computations give a nonstandard dependence, perfectly explaining the abnormal temperature-trend of in experiment for -MgAgSb. By molecular dynamics simulation, we reveal that the structure simultaneously has soft crystalline sublattices with the metavalent bonding and fluctuating liquid-like sublattices with thermally induced large amplitude vibrations. These diverse forms of chemical bonding arouse mixed part-crystal part-liquid state, scatter strongly heat-carrying phonons, and finally produce extremely low . The fundamental research from this study will accelerate the design of ultralow- materials for energy-conversion applications.

東濃地科学センターにおける熱分解型元素分析装置/安定同位体比質量分析装置を用いた岩石試料等の水素と酸素の安定同位体比測定

山本 悠介*; 渡邊 隆広; 丹羽 正和; 島田 耕史

JAEA-Testing 2023-003, 67 Pages, 2024/02

JAEA-Testing-2023-003.pdf:4.63MB

東濃地科学センター土岐地球年代学研究所では、高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分技術に関する研究開発の一環として、地質環境の長期安定性に関する研究を進めている。一般に将来の自然現象に伴う地質環境の変化の予測・評価は、自然現象に関する過去の記録や現在の状況に関する調査結果に基づき行われる。岩石試料等の水素及び酸素の安定同位体比(D、O)は試料に含まれる水の供給源や混合過程等に関する情報が得られるため、過去に発生した自然現象を明らかにする上で重要な基礎データの一つとなる。東濃地科学センターでは、岩石試料等のD及びOを把握するため熱分解型元素分析装置(TC-EA)及び安定同位体比質量分析装置(IRMS)を組み合わせたTC-EA/IRMSによる分析手法を整備した。本稿ではTC-EA/IRMSを用いた岩石試料等のD及びOの分析手法を作業手順書として示すとともに、標準試料を用いた補正式の評価、標準試料の繰り返し測定による分析精度の評価及び岩石試料等を用いた試験測定結果の一例について報告する。

Quantitative measurement of figure of merit for transverse thermoelectric conversion in Fe/Pt metallic multilayers

山崎 匠*; 平井 孝昌*; 八木 貴志*; 山下 雄一郎*; 内田 健一*; 関 剛斎*; 高梨 弘毅

Physical Review Applied (Internet), 21(2), p.024039_1 - 024039_11, 2024/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.21.024039

This study presents a measurement method for determining the figure of merit for transverse thermoelectric conversion in thin-film forms. Leveraging the proposed methodology, we comprehensively investigate the transverse thermoelectric coefficient, in-plane electrical conductivity, and out-of-plane thermal conductivity in epitaxial and polycrystalline Fe/Pt metallic multilayers.

Recrystallization of bulk nanostructured magnesium alloy AZ31 after severe plastic deformation; An in situ diffraction study

Liss, K.-D.*; Han, J.-K.*; Blankenburg, M.*; Lienert, U.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 徐 平光; 行武 栄太郎*; Kawasaki, M.*

Journal of Materials Science, 23 Pages, 2024/00

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-09250-4

The magnesium alloy AZ31, which has undergone high-pressure torsion processing, was subjected to in situ annealing micro-beam synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction and compared to the as-received rolled sheet material that was investigated through in situ neutron diffraction. While the latter only exhibits thermal expansion and minor recovery, the nanostructured specimen displays a complex evolution, including recovery, strong recrystallization, phase transformations, and various regimes of grain growth. Nanometer-scale grain sizes, determined using Williamson-Hall analysis, exhibit seamless growth, aligning with the transition to larger grains, as assessed through the occupancy of single grain reflections on the diffraction rings. The study uncovers strain anomalies resulting from thermal expansion, segregation of Al atoms, and the kinetics of vacancy creation and annihilation. Notably, a substantial number of excess vacancies were generated through high-pressure torsion, and maintained for driving the recrystallization and forming highly activated volumes for diffusion and phase precipitation during heating. The unsystematic scatter observed in the Williamson-Hall plot indicates high dislocation densities following severe plastic deformation, which significantly decreases during recrystallization. Subsequently, dislocations reappear during grain growth, likely in response to torque gradients in larger grains. It is worth noting that the characteristics of unsystematic scatter differ for dislocations created at high and low temperatures, underscoring the strong temperature dependence of slip system activation.

Preliminary analyses of modified STACY core configuration using serpent with JENDL-5

川口 真穂*; 柴 茂樹*; 岩橋 大希*; 大川 剛*; 郡司 智; 井澤 一彦; 須山 賢也

Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety (ICNC2023) (Internet), 8 Pages, 2023/10

原子力規制委員会は、2014年から日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)と共同で、福島第一原子力発電所事故で発生した燃料デブリの臨界性を評価するための実験的アプローチに取り組んでいる。その一環として、擬似燃料デブリの特性を評価する臨界実験を実施するため、原子力機構は臨界実験装置STACY(STAtic experiment Critical facilitY)を改良した。予備解析として、提案した炉心配置パターンについて、主要な核データライブラリを用いて臨界特性を検証した。3次元連続エネルギーモンテカルロ中性子・光子輸送コードSERPENT-V2.2.0と最新のJENDL-5を用いた。その結果、STACY更新炉の炉心配置パターン全てにおいてJENDL-5による中性子増倍率は、他のライブラリを使用した結果と比較して大きく評価された。また、JENDL-5のH散乱反応及びU核分裂反応断面積の感度係数は他のライブラリとは異なっていた。これらのライブラリとの比較から、JENDL-5の更新されたS(, )は、STACY更新炉の臨界特性の評価結果に影響を与える可能性があることがわかった。

高温ガス炉と水素製造施設の接続技術開発; HTTR-熱利用試験計画

石井 克典; 守田 圭介; 野口 弘喜; 青木 健; 水田 直紀; 長谷川 武史; 永塚 健太郎; 野本 恭信; 清水 厚志; 飯垣 和彦; et al.

第27回動力・エネルギー技術シンポジウム講演論文集(インターネット), 4 Pages, 2023/09

https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2023.27.A242

JAEA initiated the HTTR heat application test project coupling a hydrogen production facility to the HTTR (high temperature engineering test reactor). The project aims to establish "coupling technologies" between HTGR and hydrogen production achieving large-scale, stable and economically competitive carbon-free hydrogen production using the HTGR heat. Important considerations towards establishment of coupling technologies are development of system technologies for HTGR hydrogen production systems and components required for coupling between two facilities. This paper explains a system concept of the HTTR heat application system which can maintain safe and stable operation of the HTTR against temperature transients induced by abnormal events in a hydrogen production plant with the results of operational scheme as well as heat and mass balance of the system. Development plans for hot gas duct, high temperature isolation valves and helium gas circulators are also presented.

Effect of interlayer K ordering on water intercalation behavior in -type layered manganese dioxide

岡本 範彦*; 吉迫 大輝*; 市坪 哲

Energy Storage Materials, 61, p.102912_1 - 102912_9, 2023/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2023.102912

Layered manganese dioxide (birnessite) that contains K cations and water molecules at interlayers exhibits reversible heat storage properties via a water-intercalation mechanism (0.5 mol HO per KMnO). However, a certain amount of an irreversible capacity of water intercalation is observed after the initial thermal cycle, which limits the reversibly available energy density of the material for the subsequent cycles. In this study, crystal structures of the K-containing birnessite, KMnO, was analyzed before and after heat treatment, by electron diffraction and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, to elucidate the origin of the initial irreversible capacity (0.83 mol per KMnO).

熱化学水素製造法ISプロセスの研究開発の進展

久保 真治

日本エネルギー学会機関誌えねるみくす, 102(4), p.428 - 438, 2023/07

https://doi.org/10.20550/jieenermix.102.4_428

高温ガス炉は、安全性に優れる次世代の革新炉である。高温ガス炉より熱・蒸気・電気などを発生させ、これらを水素製造プロセスに与えることによって、水やメタンなどの原料から水素に製造することができる。本稿では、高温ガス炉の構造の概要、高温ガス炉の研究炉を用いた水素製造の実証計画、また、高温ガス炉を用いた水素製造法候補である熱化学水素製造法ISプロセスに関し、熱化学法の原理、日本原子力機構におけるISプロセスの研究開発の経緯と現状について紹介する。

高温ガス炉を熱源とする水素製造技術開発の現状と展望

久保 真治

水素エネルギーシステム, 48(2), p.126 - 132, 2023/06

高温ガス炉は、安全性に優れる次世代の革新炉である。高温ガス炉より熱・蒸気・電気などを発生させ、これらを水素製造プロセスに与えることによって、水やメタンなどの原料から水素に製造することができる。高温ガス炉を用いた水素製造法として、メタンの水蒸気改質法や高温水蒸気電解法や水の熱分解法が挙げられる。本報では、水素製造のエネルギー源となる高温ガス炉および水素製造技術の概要、原子力機構における高温ガス炉および水素製造法の研究開発の現状と展望について解説する。